Woods story, predictably, dominates CBS broadcast

CBS announcer Jim Nantz led off the network's Masters coverage Saturday by describing what Tiger Woods did the day before on the 15th hole as an "innocent" and "absent-minded" mistake.

CBS devoted the first 12 minutes of its broadcast from the Masters entirely to Woods, who was given a two-stroke penalty earlier in the day for a bad drop that led to his signing an incorrect scorecard after his second round.

Woods' shot on the 15th hole of the second round hit the flag stick and bounced back into the water. He took his penalty drop 2 yards behind where he hit the original shot, a rules violation.

Woods was tied for 17th when the third-round broadcast started at 3 p.m. EDT, five shots off the lead. His story dominated the early coverage, and CBS didn't mention another player until 3:12 p.m.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/woods-story-predictably-dominates-cbs-broadcast-201230101--golf.html

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Wood Camera (for iPhone)

Wood Camera is regularly one of the most popular photo editing apps in the iTunes App Store, and it does offer more editing options than the wildly popular Instagram. Its interface is clear and usable, and you can see effect filters while you're taking pictures. But Wood lacks its own photo-specific social network (let alone any web view at all), which you get not only with Instagram but also with EyeEm, BeFunky, and Flickr.? Nor do you get any shooting helpers like those in Camera+. Let's take a deeper look at what you do get for your hard-earned ninety-nine cents.

Install
Wood Camera is optimized for iPhone 5, but runs on any device running iOS 5 and up. The app took up 37.6MB of my phone's storage, 2MB more than Instagram but 3MB less than BeFunky. When your iPhone is getting loaded up with photos and music, as mine is, these things matter. When you first run the app, it asks to send you push notifications, something more and more apps are doing, meaning there's a good chance you'll be endlessly interrupted if every app you install wants to notify you constantly. I'm not really sure I need notifications from a photo editing app, but I pressed OK anyway, for testing purposes. I also got the message asking me to rate Wood Camera?before I'd even started using it!?

Interface
Once installed and messages OKed, Wood Camera's interface is simple, clear, and well designed. The first screen shows you how to use it with overlaid instructions and arrows:? Single-tap for preview, double-tap for editing?simple enough. There's also a Camera button at bottom center?standard in iPhone photo apps. Only two options flank this: Camera Roll and Photo Paste. Just three controls live at the top of the screen, too?a settings gear, thumbnail/full view slider, and share button. It's a completely clear, intuitive layout.

Shooting with Wood Camera
Shooting in the built-in camera interface is different from using the default iPhone camera app and from the current Instagram app. You can see retro effect filters as you shoot, and you can shoot in rapid succession. Instagram used to let you see the filters as you shot, but removed that capability; if you like this, Wood is a good fit.

One quibble with shooting in the Wood app is that there's no visual clue that you've taken a shot, like the default iPhone camera's animation of the photo flying down to the Camera roll icon. You just hear the shutter click, but if you're in a noisy environment, you get no feedback. The Wood filters are all named for world cities, which doesn't give you much of an idea of what they do. I prefer the straightforward effect names used in BeFunky, such as "Warming," "Cooling," and "LomoArt." Once you've shot a few pictures, hit Done, and the app starts "importing them."

Editing and Enhancing Your iPhone Photos
So as you've seen, an effect can be applied the moment you shoot your photo. So what else can be done afterwards? A lot! After selecting an image from the thumbnail grid of those you shot, hitting Edit lets you, rotate and straighten, crop, change the effect filter (here called a "lens"), texture, tiltshift/vignette, and frames. Here, you can adjust the intensity of the effect filters, something not available in Instagram. Several of these tools aren't available in Instagram, but in Wood I still miss any basic photo corrections like brightness, contrast, and white balance. Aviary and BeFunky give you all this and more.

A nice selection of frames is available, film, print, and rounded borders among them, both dark and light. Unlike in Instagram, which ties borders and frames to each filter, you can use any frame border with any filter effect in Wood Camera. Another interesting choice not found in most iPhone photo apps is Textures. This lets you apply film-grain, wrinkly paper,

At first, I was concerned that once I tapped Done after making an edit, the photo was forever changed, but opening it back up in the tool you used and clicking the None icon, the first one, let me undo. You can also choose a main setting to save any pictures you take in the app to your Camera Roll by default. A standard Undo arrow would be helpful, though.

I have to say that, though Wood had more filters than Instagram, I didn't love the selections; most simply bumped up the warm or cool colors, some made it monochromatic and maybe added vignetting. Both Instagram and BeFunky offer more striking options. The tilt-screen effect is inferior to Instagram's, which lets you choose a linear as well as circular focus area and resize them. Wood only offers a circle of focus you can move around but not resize. The preview thumbnails for filters use a stock photo, rather than your shot image, so you can't see what it looks like with your image till after applying.?

Sharing
Wood doesn't include its own photo social network?or even any web view for photos use edit in it?like that offered by Instagram, EyeEm, and BeFunky, but it does include more than the standard external sharing options. Along with the expected Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, and even Instagram output options, you can save to your Dropbox (if you have its app installed) or to other apps that can accept photos, such as SkyDrive. In another example of lack of feedback, when I tried posting to Facebook, the app didn't notify me whether the post was successful or not. (Since my Wi-Fi and 3G connections were spotty, it wasn't a given that the photo made it to my page.)?

Good Wood?
Wood Camera is a perfectly pleasant iPhone photo app, with a clear, usable interface and more photo manipulation options than some of its peers, including Instagram. But if you're going to build a photo app with more photo editing than the competition, you really have to include adjustment for brightness, contrast, and color settings. You get these with our Editors' Choice iOS photo editors, Snapseed and Adobe Photoshop Touch, as well as in Aviary, Camera Genius, Camera+, and BeFunky.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ziffdavis/pcmag/~3/KpcmEycvyU0/0,2817,2417710,00.asp

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Korean Conflict Could Nuke Your Next Phone

Chances are that the smartphone tucked away in your purse, the TV in your living room and the laptop sitting on your desk wouldn?t exist without components from South Korea. Mega manufacturers such as Samsung and LG are located in Seoul near the border of North and South Korea, a border that?s primed to explode if recent tensions between the two nations boil over.

If North Korea?s heated rhetoric and missile tests evolve into a full-fledged war, there could be major disruptions in the supply chain for products such as LCD televisions, smartphones and tablets, analysts have said.

?Anything that disrupts the work flow of supply is going to be an issue,? said Thomas J. Dinges, Senior Principal Analyst, Outsourced Manufacturing for IHS.

Supplying the World

According to Dinges, more than half of the world?s supply of DRAM and a substantial amount of its flash memory and display panels are manufactured in Korea.

MORE: 8 Tech Products That Won?t Make it to 2014

?Let?s ballpark it somewhere between 40 and 50 percent of the world?s supply of these three major components are coming out of Korea,? he said.

During the fourth quarter of 2012 alone, Korea accounted for a monstrous 78.5 percent of the global DRAM market share, with Japan coming in at a distant second with 19 percent, market research firm TrendForce reports. Most desktop computers and laptops use DRAM to store data because its less expensive than RAM alternatives such as SRAM.

Samsung is at the forefront of the semiconductor industry in Korea, with tech industry big shots such as Apple, Qualcomm, and Texas Instruments among its clientele. Theoretically, if warfare in Korea blocked major suppliers like Samsung from exporting product, we could see effects on product availability in the United States in about three months.

[What questions do your children have about the situation in North Korea?]

?There?s so much that?s already in the pipelines whether it?s in inventory or in transit,? said Gene Tyndall, executive vice president of global supply chain solutions for Tompkins International. ?There?s probably about two to three months of safety, but after that [companies] would have to find alternate sources of production.?

Supply chain delays would hit the TV industry specifically hard since Korea plays a major role in LCD screen manufacturing.

?From a display panel supply standpoint, it probably wouldn?t be as disruptive for tablets and handhelds as it possibly could be for television,? Dinges said. ?A higher percentage of those [panels] are built in Korea than panels made for smartphones and tablets.?

Samsung?s Vulnerability

Samsung could experience more severe availability issues with its products than other competing brands. Companies such as Apple and HP keep about four to six weeks of inventory handy to prepare for any supply chain disruption, Dinges said, but Samsung operates differently.

MORE:?7 Ways to Fix the Crashing PC Market

?They?ll keep what they consider to be emergency stock, but they don?t like to keep stock that may not be able to be sold,? Tyndall said. ?They?re very tight on that.?

Although Samsung does have smaller factories in other regions of the world, it largely relies on Korea to manufacture its own products and components for its clients.

?Samsung doesn?t have a lot of flexibility around the world because they don?t have that many plants outside of Korea,? Tyndall said. ?They do have some in Mexico and a few in Europe, but that?s not enough. Because they are primarily a produce-at-home company, [a production slowdown] would indeed impact others in about two to three months, again if the conflict drags a bit.?

Potentially Seismic Impact

A supply chain disruption in South Korea could also ignite a surge in component demand from Samsung?s customers, according to Dinges.

?The natural reaction is that things start to look like they?re going to get worse,? he said. ?The natural reaction is that [companies] dependent on these types of products are all of a sudden going to say ?Look, I don?t know what the supply disruption is going to be, just open the checkbook up and buy whatever we can.?

However, the biggest potential obstacle for Samsung customers would be seeking out new suppliers, Tyndall said. Similarly, when Japan was struck by an 8.9 magnitude earthquake in 2011, panel makers were forced to scout out new material suppliers to keep their product lines going. Sony, Toshiba and Texas Instruments halted production at their plants for months following the disaster.

?First of all, the customers of Samsung would have to find alternate suppliers, and that?s not easy,? Tyndall said. ?It will take time to even find alternate sources. It doesn?t happen overnight. The risk plans are there and they?re probably being discussed right now, but depending on the length and severity we can see availability problems.?

Wait and See Mode

Unless warfare escalates into more than disturbing threats and mounting tensions, the supply chain isn?t likely to suffer, according to Tyndall.

?I think these days we?re pretty much okay, but again if the conflict goes on for months we could see all sorts of problems,? he said. ??I think we?d have to watch it very carefully and see what can be done.?

Follow Lisa Eadicicco on Twitter and Google+. Follow LAPTOPMAG on Twitter, Google+ or Facebook.

Copyright 2013 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/korean-conflict-could-nuke-next-phone-002449967.html

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Hague war crimes court investigating own staffer

AMSTERDAM (AP) ? The International Criminal Court in The Hague has opened a formal investigation into allegations by four people who say they were subjected to sexual abuse by a court staff member working in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

The war crimes court said Friday it is "profoundly concerned by these grave allegations" and had taken steps to protect the alleged victims. It said the investigation was aimed at "establishing the facts underlying the allegations and fairly determining any possible responsibilities."

It is not clear whether the allegations will lead to a prosecution, and if so, where it would take place. The court said it would turn the inquiry's findings over to ICC "judges and relevant parties to the proceedings concerned" ? presumably meaning legal authorities in Congo.

The Coalition for the ICC, an umbrella organization of civil society and human rights groups that support the court, said in a reaction that members had been "deeply shocked and concerned" to hear of the allegations.

"The Coalition expects the court to carry out a credible and impartial investigation into the allegations and, should they prove true, ensure that all those responsible be held to account, including, if relevant, those responsible for managerial oversight of the personnel accused," it said in a statement.

The charges come at a war crimes court that has made a priority of prosecuting rape and sexual conscription in conflict zones. Sexual abuse is rife in the volatile east of Congo, and several ongoing cases stem from the region.

Warlord Bosco Ntaganda faces charges of rape and sexual enslavement and militia leader Germain Katanga is on trial for charges including rape and sexual enslavement.

The ICC, the world's first permanent war crimes tribunal, came into being in 2002 and the treaty that created it has been ratified by 121 nations. Prosecutors have so far indicted suspects in seven different countries, all of them in Africa, including Congo, Sudan, Kenya, Libya and Ivory Coast.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/hague-war-crimes-court-investigating-own-staffer-205547615.html

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Are human genes patentable?

Apr. 12, 2013 ? On April 15, the Supreme Court of the United States will hear oral argument in Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, a case that could answer the question, "Under what conditions, if any, are isolated human genes patentable?" Kevin Emerson Collins, JD, patent law expert and professor of law at Washington University in St. Louis, believes that layered uncertainties make this case an unusually difficult case in which to predict the outcome.

During the early 1990s, Myriad Genetics made important scientific discoveries related to mutations in the BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes, which are biomarkers for increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Based on this work, Myriad sought, and obtained, patent protection for "isolated" DNA molecules that embody these sequences.

The Supreme Court's opinion in Myriad will determine whether Myriad's gene patents are valid or, alternatively, whether they were improperly issued from the beginning.

"The legal controversy centers on patent law's 'products of nature' doctrine -- a doctrine that prevents the patenting of newly made products that do not display a 'marked difference' from naturally occurring products," Collins says.

"A perfectly circular section cut out of a leaf of a newly discovered plant may be technically new at the time that it is first made -- and it may be socially useful if the leaf contains chemicals that are natural wound healers, but it's likely an unpatentable product of nature because there is no marked difference between the newly created product and the naturally occurring product.

"Importantly, the Myriad gene patents only encompass DNA molecules in an 'isolated' state, separate from the remainder of the chromosome in which they exist in a human body, and they thus describe molecules that were technically new when Myriad first made them."

The question before the Court is whether the structural and functional differences between naturally occurring DNA molecules and DNA molecules in an isolated state is sufficiently significant to constitute a "marked difference" and to sanction the patenting of the isolated DNAs.

Behind the legal controversy is an economic controversy that may (or may not) influence the Supreme Court's pronouncement on the products of nature doctrine. "The social costs of the exclusive rights to inventions granted by patents are normally justified by the incentives that patents provide for self-interested entities to invest in research and development and generate the socially valuable inventions," Collins says.

However, under some circumstances, there are legitimate concerns that the incentive-based benefits of patents may not outweigh these costs.

"One function of the products of nature doctrine is to ensure that the basic tools of scientific and technological work are not constrained by claims of patent rights and remain free for all to use as inputs into future research," says Collins.

"To the extent that isolated genes are essential technological and scientific building blocks, the costs of Myriad's gene patents in the form of slower innovation in the future may be so great that they will outweigh the benefits of the patent-induced incentives that speed up the creation of the isolated genes themselves."

The verdict

Collins says it is difficult to predict how the Supreme Court will decide this case because of three compounded uncertainties.

First, the Supreme Court has to date not offered a clear legal framework for identifying products of nature, so it is unclear how high a hurdle the markedly different standard will prove to be.

Second, it is unclear how strongly the Court's legal determination will be influenced by the underlying economic concerns about the privatization of the building blocks of technological progress.

Third, the relationship between the Supreme Court and the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals -- the court that authored the opinion below in Myriad -- is not likely to lead to much of any deference.

"Recent Federal Circuit patent decisions have been poorly received by the Supreme Court," Collins says. "The Federal Circuit upheld the patentablity of these genes, but, given recent history, this is not much of an indicator as to Supreme Court will handle this case."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Washington University in St. Louis. The original article was written by Jessica Martin.

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Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_health/~3/u6tBHbmvrbM/130412084225.htm

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Music purchases predicted by brain activity

Activity in certain regions of the brain can predict whether you'll like a new song enough to buy it, whether it's indie rock like Florence + The Machine's "Drumming Song" or experimental electronica like Ratatat's "Neckbrace."

Those are just two songs used in new research that explains how new music rewards the brain. The study found that the more active the nucleus accumbens (a small area deep in the brain), the more likely people are to shell out cash for new music. This willingness is especially strong when the nucleus accumbens interacts with a brain region that stores memories of old music.

The study helps explain how something as fleeting and intangible as a string of musical notes can be so rewarding, said study researcher Valorie Salimpoor, a doctoral student at McGill University in Canada. [Top 10 Mysteries of the Mind]

"It's all happening in your head. You have nothing to show for it," Salimpoor told LiveScience. "But somehow, because we have the cognitive resources to be able to process and appreciate these temporal sound patterns, we can experience really intense emotions from them."

The draw of new music

Music seems a uniquely human phenomenon, and it appears across cultures. In fact, a study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in December 2012 found that even across vastly different cultures, people express primal emotions through music in strikingly similar ways.

Music is known to engage emotion-processing regions of the brain, and Salimpoor and her colleagues had previously found that music perceived as pleasurable triggers the release of dopamine in the brain, a neurochemical associated with feelings of reward. Food and sex, which are necessary for survival and reproduction, also trigger dopamine release.

That earlier study, published in the journal Nature Neuroscience, found that people didn't only receive jolts of dopamine at their favorite parts of a song; they got dopamine boosts right before, too. The finding suggested that anticipation is a major part of the pleasure derived from music, but it wasn't clear from where the anticipation was coming.

"Are you anticipating your favorite part because you know it's coming up, or is it the case that you have some general knowledge of music based on all your previous experiences?" Salimpoor said.

To find out, Salimpoor and her colleagues recruited 126 participants and whittled them down to a group of 19 who had very similar tastes in music ? they turned out to be lovers of electronica and indie tunes. The researchers used music-recommendation programs to find new songs these participants had never before heard, and then had them listen to those songs for the first time in a functional magnetic resonance imaging machine (fMRI). [Brain Mixtape: List of Songs Used in the Study]

Rewarding notes

As the participants listened, researchers used the fMRI to track blood flow to various brain regions; this blood flow, in turn, is correlated with activity in those regions. After hearing a song clip, participants could choose to buy the tune with their own money, bidding to spend either 99 cents, $1.29 or $2, depending how much they'd liked it.

The researchers found a strong link between how much a person was willing to spend on a song and the nucleus accumbens, in that a busier nucleus accumbens was related to more willingness to drop some cash. This brain region is known to be associated with reward, particularly forming expectations of reward.

"It's really cool, because it's suggesting that as we're listening to new music, we're constantly making predictions," Salimpoor said. "This really links back to our previous study of anticipation and why it would play a role in music."

What's more, as people were willing to spend more money on a song, their nucleus accumbens showed greater co-activity with another brain region called the superior temporal gyrus. This is an auditory region that essentially stores sense memories of music heard in the past. If you've heard a lot of Western music, your superior temporal gyrus will have a different "library" than if you grew up listening to music from East Asia, for example.

The study suggests that when you hear new music, your brain flips through this library, building expectations from templates of music heard before. If those predictions are confirmed or pleasantly subverted, you may find yourself loving the new tune.

"We can look at music as an intellectual reward," Salimpoor said, adding, "It's essentially pattern recognition, and this is something humans are very good at."

Several other brain regions were also linked with finding music rewarding, including the emotion-processing amygdala and two higher-level emotion-processing regions found in the frontal lobe of the brain. Another frontal lobe region, the inferior frontal gyrus, was also linked to finding music pleasurable. This area handles advanced thought, working memory and pattern sequencing.

The fact that the brain recruits these advanced brain regions may explain why humans seem alone among animals in appreciating music, Salimpoor said.

"We're able to obtain pleasure from a sequence of sound that has no inherent reward in itself," she said.

The researchers report their findings Friday (April 12) in the journal Science.

Follow Stephanie Pappas on Twitter?and Google+. Follow us @livescience, Facebook?& Google+. Original article on LiveScience.com.

Copyright 2013 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/music-purchases-predicted-brain-activity-131428262.html

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North Korean arsenal holds few proven threats

KCNA via EPA

A Musadan intermediate-range missile is carried on a vehicle during a military parade in October 2010 in Pyongyang, North Korea.

By Mike Wall
Space.com

Angered by economic sanctions imposed by the United Nations after a nuclear-weapons test in February, North Korea has been doing much saber-rattling lately. The Pyongyang regime has threatened to turn major American cities into "seas of fire" and announced?that it had authorized a potential nuclear strike against the United States.

While North Korea's missile program is shrouded in secrecy, analysts doubt that Pyongyang can fully back up such tough talk. Here's a brief rundown of the Hermit Kingdom's stable of potentially dangerous rockets and missiles, based on the best guesses and estimates of Western experts. [Images: North Korea's Rocket Program]

Missiles that could reach neighbor countries
North Korean missile technology?traces its origins to Soviet Scuds, which likely came into the country via Egypt in the 1970s.

Pyongyang soon developed its own versions of the Scud, which it calls the Hwasong-5 and Hwasong-6. These missiles can fly a few hundred miles, putting most of South Korea within reach. The regime also has a souped-up variant called the Nodong, which experts believe has a range of 620 miles to 800 miles (1,000 to 1,300 kilometers).

"That's a problem, because they've tested it, and it can reach Japan," physicist and missile-technology expert David Wright, co-director of the Union of Concerned Scientists' Global Security Program, said of the Nodong.

These shorter-range missiles have relatively poor accuracy, he added ? perhaps 0.3 miles to 0.6 miles (0.5 to 1 km) for the Hwasong line and 1.8 miles to 2.5 miles (3 to 4 km) for the Nodong.

"You're not talking about things that could attack military targets, but they could attack large things like cities," Wright told Space.com.

Weapons for more distant targets
North Korea has also developed longer-range missiles, including the 83-foot-tall (25 meters) Taepodong-1, which experts think is a two-stage missile with a Nodong first stage and a Hwasong-6 second stage.

The Taepodong-1 has a range of perhaps 1,500 miles (2,500 km), though also with poor accuracy. The vehicle has flown once, in a modified space launch configuration that added a third stage. It blasted off in August 1998 carrying a small satellite?but failed to deliver the craft to orbit, Western observers say.

The next step was the even bigger Taepodong-2, whose maximum range is estimated to be from 3,000 miles to 5,400 miles (5,000 to 9,000 km). This vehicle's lone flight test also did not go well, with the missile exploding 40 seconds after liftoff in July 2006.

On Thursday, Pyongyang moved into firing position a missile?called the Taepodong-X, also known as the Musudan. Analysts think its range is around 2,000 miles (3,200 km), but it's tough to say because the Musudan has never been flight-tested.

"There's no reason to actually consider them operational," Wright said. "There's no test data to say that they work."

A successful satellite launch
North Korea suffered two more satellite-launching failures after its initial 1998 attempt ? first in 2009 with an advanced, three-stage variant of the Taepodong-2 called the Unha-2, then again in April 2012 with a rocket called the Unha-3.

The regime finally broke through in December 2012 when another Unha-3 successfully delivered a satellite to orbit.

While space launchers can be converted into ballistic missiles, the Unha-3 does not appear to represent a significant threat to the United States at the moment, Wright said.

"The Unha is just not that powerful," he said. "If we try to imagine them putting a heavier warhead on it and flying it, you can maybe get 7,000 or 8,000 kilometers, but you're not getting really long trajectories that can hit much of the country."

Follow Mike Wall on Twitter?@michaeldwall.?Follow us?@Spacedotcom,?Facebook?or?Google+. Originally published on?Space.com.

Copyright 2013 Space.com, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Source: http://feeds.nbcnews.com/c/35002/f/653377/s/2aa70fc1/l/0Lscience0Bnbcnews0N0C0Inews0C20A130C0A40C120C17721750A0Enorth0Ekorean0Earsenal0Eholds0Efew0Eproven0Ethreats0Dlite/story01.htm

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